To objectively categorize the adverse events, the authors modified an already validated scoring method for characterizing complications. To ensure a broad scope was maintained for inclusion, any abstract title that included “blood flow restriction therapy” or “KAATSU” and discussed anything related to the safety profile or adverse events associated with this noninvasive therapeutic modality was reviewed. The target range for papers to be included was from January 2002 to July 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODSĪn extensive literature review pertaining to BFRT and any deleterious events related to its usage was completed by searching multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. 2, 5 The aim of this paper was to review the available literature to elucidate the safety profile of BFRT. 3, 4 Several studies have demonstrated promising results with regard to the effects of BFRT on cerebrovascular disease, neuromuscular diseases, respiratory disease, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. This, in combination with low-resistance exercise training, provides many metabolic, hormonal, cardiovascular, and cellular advantages to the exercising muscle. 3 As opposed to other techniques that specifically limit arterial blood flow to the muscle (i.e., tourniquet), BFRT allows limited arterial inflow with targeted distal obstruction of venous outflow. The most common method to achieve this targeted occlusion is through application of a pneumatic cuff to the extremity of interest. 2 In BFRT, post-capillary venous outflow from the muscle is obstructed, which induces blood consolidation within the capillary network. Since the 1960s, when KAATSU training was first introduced by Sato in Japan, BFRT has been studied extensively in terms of physiologic impact and effects on multiple systems in the body. The terms BFRT and KAATSU are often used interchangeably depending on geographic location, with the main principle of both being a partial occlusion of arterial inflow and complete obstruction of venous outflow from the muscle. The efficacy of BFRT for treating diseases has been increasingly researched in recent years however, there has been less literature specifically aimed at establishing the safety of this relatively novel therapy. Blood flow restriction therapy (BFRT) is a tool used in many scenarios, ranging from muscle building in athletic performance to decreasing recovery time in postoperative orthopedic rehabilitation.
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